OpenNebula provides different methods to pass information to a newly created Virtual Machine. This information can be the network configuration of the VM, user credentials, init scripts and free form data.
Basic Contextualization: If you only want to configure networking and root ssh keys read this guide.
Advanced Contextualization: For additional topics in contextualization like adding custom init scripts and variables also read this guide.
Cloud-init: To know how to use the cloud-init functionality with OpenNebula check this guide.